Nguyên nhân, biểu hiện và cách chữa sốt siêu vi ở trẻ em

St siu tr nh l mt bnh l rt ph bin v c th gy nn cc bin chng nguy him. St siu vi tr em dn n nhng tn thng ti ng h hp cng nh c th. Trong phm vi bi vit di y, Baiviethay.com s cung cp cc thng tin c th hn v nguyn nhn, triu chng, biu hin cng nh du hiu st siu vi tr. Bn cnh , bi vit cng cp n bin php phng nga v cch iu tr st siu vi tr nh. Cng tm hiu c thm nhng kin thc hu ch nh!

St siu vi tr nh l g?

St siu vi tr nh l mt thut ng c dng ch tt c cc loi st do siu vi trng (virus) gy nn. Virus cm, virus rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Coronavirus, Enterovirus l nhng tc nhn chnh gy nn tnh trng st siu vi. Bnh gy nng st khin nhit c th ca tr tng ln nhanh chng. Bnh c th gp mi i tng, tuy nhin ph bin nht vn l trn cc i tng tr nh.

Bnh st siu vi tr em l mt bnh ph bin thng gp cc b t trn 1 tui n di 12 tui. Bnh khin b st cao quy khc chn n v suy nhc c th. Khng nhng th bnh cn c th gy nn cc bin chng nguy him cng nh ranh hng khng tt n ng h hp v c th. St siu vi l cn bnh thng xut hin khi thi tit giao ma, thay i t ngt t trng thi nng sang lnh hoc lnh sang nng.

St siu vi tr c th l biu hin ca nhiu loi bnh khc nhau nh: Bnh si, bnh st xut huyt, tay chn ming, cm cm, bnh rubella, mt s trng hp st siu vi cn khng tm c nguyn nhn gy bnh. St siu vi s c iu tr da trn cc triu chng lm sng t c th cc b.

Nguyn nhn st siu vi tr em

St siu vi thng mc phi do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau. Tc nhn ph bin gy siu vi l hi chng h hp. Mt s nguyn nhn gy nn st siu vi l do cc virus nh:

• Coronavirus: cng thng gy cm lnh
• Virus cm A, B: gy bnh cm, c th gy bin chng vim phi hay vim mi hng.
• RSV (virus hp bo h hp): vim phi v vim tiu ph qun tr em, cm lnh ngi ln, vim phi ngi gi
• Ph cm: vim thanh qun, vim phi tr em, vim hng, cm lnh, vim kh ph qun ngi ln.
• Enterovirus (cc virus Echo v Coxsackie): gy bnh Bornholm, st, tc ngc, au bng trn, bnh st cp tnh khng c th cm ma h, bnh st pht ban, bnh tay chn ming, ni mn nc, bng nc, lot, pht ban,
• Adenovirus: gy vim hng, cm lnh, i khi l vim phi tr em. Virus ny cn c th pht thnh dch trng hc v doanh tri qun i hay a phng.

Biu hin, du hiu v triu chng st siu vi tr em

• St cao: Biu hin thng gp nht st siu vi tr chnh l tnh trng st cao. Thng thng tr c th st t 38-39 C, thm ch ln n 40-41 C.
• au u: Biu hin thng gp th hai ca st siu vi chnh l cm gic au u. Em b thng c cc du hiu nhc u d di, quay cung, trong u c cm gic chao o nh c ba p hoc au git u. Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh trng ny chnh l do st cao khin mch mu v tun hon mu cng ra. M co th s vo hai huyt thi dng ca b s thy c mch p r rng ti y. Vi mt s b au u c th gy m man khng tnh to. mt s trng hp khc tuy b vn tnh to nhng li thng xuyn quy khc. Trong mt s trng hp st siu vi cn c th gy chy m tai. M c th quan st tai ca b xem c cc cht nhy nhiu hn bnh thng hay khng cng nh b c nga tai hay khng.

• Vim ng h hp: Bn cnh cc triu chng st v au u th vim ng h hp cng l du hiu thng thy bo hiu st siu vi tr. C th k n cc biu hin ca vim ng h hp nh ho, ht hi, chy nc mi, s mi, rt hng, vim hng (hng b sng ty, ),
• Vim kt mc mt: i vi triu chng ny bn c th quan st thy mt ca b ln, chy nc mt, kt mc mt c th , c ken khe mt, mt b l .
• Nn ma: i vi cc b nh thng d b tr sau khi b m hoc b bnh. i vi tr ln hn c th tr ra n. Nn thng xut hin sau khi n hoc nhiu thi im khc trong ngy. Nguyn nhn chnh gy ra triu chng ny chnh l do vim hng, kch thch cht nhy tro ra.
• Pht ban: St siu vi tr sau khi xut hin 2 n 3 ngy s xut hin ban. y l du hiu cho thy b s st. Bnh qua thi k bnh v chuyn dn qua pht bnh cng nh hi phc.
• au nhc mnh my: Tr em tr ln c cc du hiu au nhc c th nht l cc c bp, tr cng thng ku au khp mnh. i vi cc em b nh s quy khc khng chu chi hay n ung nh bnh thng.
• Ri lon tiu ha: Ri lon tiu ha thng xut hin cng cc triu chng nh tiu chy, nn ma, Biu hin ny s n sm nu nguyn nhn gy st siu vi tr l do virus ng tiu ha. Nguyn nhn ny cng c th xut hin mun hn sau khi st.
• Vim hch: i vi du hiu ny b thng sng mt, c hn so vi bnh thng. c bit l cc hch vng mt, c, u, mt, thng sng to hoc gy cm gic au n, cc hch sng to cn c th nhn thy hoc s thy.
• Co git: i vi cc trng hp nng cn c th gy nn tnh trng co git. Thng thng biu hin ny thng din ra cc i tng st siu vi di 5 tui.

Mt s cu hi v bnh st siu vi tr em

St siu vi pht ban tr em l g?

St siu vi tr c th gy nn tnh trng pht ban. Thng thng sau thi gian bnh t 2 n 3 ngy em b bt u pht st v quy khc. Sau qu trnh bnh v pht bnh, cc nt pht ban bt u ni ln.

y cng l du hiu bo hiu tnh trng bnh ca b ang pht trin v dn bnh phc. Pht ban cng lm cho tnh trng st gim ng k. M nn trnh cc nt pht ban v ra trn da b.

St siu vi tr em ko di my ngy?

Thng thng st siu vi tr ko di t 2 ngy n 1 tun, thng thng 3 4 ngy. Cc trng hp nh hn c iu tr kp thi c th kt thc sau 3 ngy. Nng hn c th ko di hn 1 tun cng vi nhng bin chng nguy him. Chnh v vy, b m cn a con n bc s ngay khi c cc du hiu nh st qu cao hay nn ma, tiu chy nhiu ln trong ngy.

St siu vi tr s sinh cn lu g?

Cc triu chng v du hiu st siu vi tr s sinh

• Tr s sinh thng b st siu vi do nguyn nhn t mt s loi virus gy ra. i vi cc b mc st siu vi di 2 thng tui cn c bit ch .
• i vi cc b t 2 6 thng tui bn nn hi kin bc s c php iu tr ng nht. Du hiu u tin ca st siu vi tr s sinh chnh l st cao t 37,7 39,5 C. Km theo cc triu chng khc nh l n lnh, nn tr, nht nht, run ry, vim hng, tiu chy, ho, ngt mi,
• St siu vi c th do nhim trng hoc virus gy ra vi cc triu chng khc nhau.

Cch iu tr st siu vi tr s sinh

i vi tnh trng st siu vi tr s sinh cn c iu tr da trn phng php m bc s a ra. Ngoi ra b m cng cn lu mt s vn sau y:

• B sung nc: M thng xuyn cho b b thnh nhiu ln hoc mi khi b c nhu cu. iu ny s gip b b sung lng nc v ngun dng cht mt i do tiu chy, nn ma hay st cao.
• b ngh ngi y : Vic cho b ngh ngi khng quy ry hay tru a b vo thi gian ny s gip c th b to khng chng li tc nhn gy bnh. Nu b st cao c th dng khn t lau ngi h st. Mt lu cho b m chnh l dng nc m lau ngi cho b.
• To khng gian thong ng: Cho b ngh ngi trong phng c khng kh trong lnh bng cch m ca s lu thng khng kh. Nu b c cc triu chng nh l , kh th, nn ma nhiu ln, tiu chy nhiu ngy, ho ko di, th cn nhanh chng a b i bc s.

Cc bin php phng bnh st siu vi tr s sinh

Vic phng bnh lun tt hn cha bnh, c bit cho cc tr nh. Bn c th bo v b khi bnh st siu vi cng nh cc cn bnh khc thng qua cc bin php sau y: b trnh xa khi ngi bnh cng nh cc tr em khc ang gp cc vn nh cm lnh hay ho.

Lun v sinh, gi v sinh sch s cho b. i vi cc b t trn 3 thng n trn 2 tui c th tim phng cm cm hng nm theo kin ca bc s. Vo thi k giao ma bn nn ch bo v tr khi cc tc ng t mi trng.

Cch cha st siu vi tr em l g?

Nhn chung, th trng ca tr nh c nhng iu khc bit so vi tr s sinh. Khi iu tr st siu vi cho tr s sinh, cha m nn tun th ch nh t bc s chuyn khoa. Tuy nhin, vi tr nh, c bit cc b t 1 tui tr nn, vic iu tr s tr nn d dng hn.

Vic iu tr st siu vi tr nh ch yu l vic gip tr h st ng thi tng sc khng c th chng chi c nhng tc nhn gy bnh. Mt s cch iu tr di y cha m cn nm c:

• H st:Paracetamol liu 10 mg/kg, 6 gi/ln, ty theo cn nng ca tr cho ung ng liu lng. Cn lu nu ung qu t s kh c th gip tr h st, ngc li qu nhiu s gy nh hng n thn.
• Chm cho tr bng khn m: Chm khn, lau m hi ng thi cho tr mc qun o rng ri v thm ht m hi.
• B nc v in gii: Bn cnh vic h st v chm m, cha m ng qun b nc cho tr. iu ny s gip tr cn bng c lng nc mt khi ang b st.
• Chng co git: y l tnh trng nguy him i vi tnh trng ca tr. Khi st cao trn 39 , tr rt c nguy c b co git, nh hng rt nhiu n s pht trin ca tr sau ny.
• V sinh sch s: S dng natriclorid 0,9% (nc mui) nh mi v mt cho tr s gip phng trnh vic bi nhim vi khun ng h hp. Bn cnh , cha m cng v sinh c th cho tr bng nc m v trong phng kn.
• Ch dinh dng: gip tr nhanh chng qua cn st, cha m cn lu cho tr n cc loi sp, n lng, d n v d tiu hay cc loi nc p hoa qu tri cy ti.

Baiviethay.com cung cp cc thng tin v bnh st siu vi tr nh n qu v v cc bn thng qua bi vit trn y. Mong rng nhng kin thc v st siu vi tr em m chng ti cung cp s hu ch cho bn trong qu trnh tm hiu v chng bnh ny.

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